Fibre to fabric

Fabric or cloth is made up of yarns or thread. Yarn us further made up of still thinner strands called fibre.
Fibre is of two kinds.
1.Natural fibre-  Fibre that is obtained from plants or animals is called natural fibre.
Fibres obtained from plants are cotton, jute,flax.
Fibres obtained from animals are wool,will
2.Synthetic fibre-  Fibres made from chemicals other than plants or animals are called synthetic fibre.
Example- polyester,nylon, acrylic.
Lets describe natural fibres in detail
1.Cotton
Scientific name- Gossypium hirsutum
It is a plant based natural fibre that grows in fields. These plants are usually grown at places having black soil and warm climate.It is grown in Punjab, Maharashtra,Gujarat,Tamil Nadu,Rajasthan etc. It is a soft, fluffy fibre that grows in boll.After maturing,the bolls burst and cotton is picked by hand.Fibres are then separated from seeds by combing.This process is called ginning of cotton.

2.Jute
Scientific name- Corchorus olitorius
It is obtained from the stem of jute plant. It is cultivated during rainy season.It is grown in West Bengal,Bihar,Assam. The stem of harvested plant immersed in water for few days.The stems rot and fibres are separated by hand.
3.Flax
Scientific name- Linum usitatissimum
It is a food and fibre crop cultivated in cooler areas. Fabric of this fibre is known as linen. It is used for making bed sheets and underclothes.

4.Wool-
This fibre is obtained from the fleece(hair) of various animals eg.sheep,goat,yak.These wool yielding animals bear hair on their body and wool is derived from these hairy fibres.To make wool,producers harvest the hair of animals and spin them into yarn.
Animals that give wool are yak,sheep,goat,camel,alpaca as shown in picture.
Map of India that is showing occurrence of different types of wool in different regions
5. Silk
It is also a natural animal based fibre obtained from silkworm.This fibre is called the queen of fibres. Silkworm spin the silk fibre.The rearing of silkeorm for obtaining silk is called sericulture. It is the strongest natural fibre having high tensile strength.





Thanks for reading

By 
Payal Gupta

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